Was Yazeed’s Khilafah Rightful?
Abu Sulaiman al Nasibi in his article on Mu’awiya had tirelessly sought to canvass for his Imam Yazeed’s right to rule by stating:
Many Companions gave him the allegiance as well. Al-Hafedh Abdulghani Al-Maqdisay says: “His (Yazeed’s) caliphate is rightful, sixty of the companions of the prophet peace be upon him gave him the allegiance. Ibn`Umar was one of them.” [Qayd Al-Shareed min Akhbar Yazeed, by Ibn Khaldoun, p.70]
The concept of ijma is null and void since Allah (swt)’s opposition to the bayya to Yazeed can be proven from the Qur’an
We read in Surah Baqarah verse 124 (Yusuf ‘Ali transliteration):
“And remember that Abraham was tried by his Lord with certain commands, which he fulfilled: He said: “I will make thee an Imam to the Nations.” He pleaded: “And also (Imams) from my offspring!” He answered: “But My Promise is not within the reach of evil-doers.”
We will rely on the following classical Sunni tafseer’s to understand how the leading Sunni Ulema interpreted this verse.
- Tafseer Khazan, volume 1 page 89
- Ma’lam al Tazeel, Volume 1 page 89
- Fathul Qadeer, Volume 1 page 140
- Tafseer Madarak al Tazeel, Volume 1 page 84
- Tafseer Durre Manthur, Volume 1 page 118
- Tafseer Jama al Mubeen, Volume 1 page 118
- Tafseer Gharaib al Qu’an, Volume 1 page 439
- Tafseer Ibn Katheer, Volume 1 page 167
- Ahkam al Quran, Volume 1 page 69
- Tafseer al Kabeer, Volume 1 page 494
In Tafseer Khazan, volume 1 page 89 we read as follows:
“Allah (swt) said to Ibrahim (as) that we have made the condition of Imamate to be the same as that of Prophethood, that he who amongst your descendants is Dhaalim cannot attain it”.
The verse clearly guarantees Imamate to be administered, but NOT to those that are unjust. The Ahl’ul Sunnah Ulema in their tafseers have defined Dhalimoon (pronoun of the noun Dhaalim) as kufr and fisq (transgression). Both of these traits were inherent in Abu Sulaiman’s Imam Yazeed ibn Mu’awiya.
The opinions of Ahl’ul Sunnah on the kufr and fisq of Yazeed
As evidence we are relying on the following texts of Ahl’ul Sunnah:
- Al Bidayah wa al Nihaya(Urdu), Volume 8 pages 1146, 1147 & 1165
- Siyar A’lam Al-Nubala, Volume 4 pages 37-38
- Al Sawaiq al Muhriqa, page 131
- Tat-heer al Janaan, page 115
- Sharh Fiqh Akbar, page 73
- Fatawa Azeezi, page 80 Dhikr Yazeed
- Nuzlul Abrar, page 97 Dhikr Yazeed
- Yanabi al Mawadah, Volume 2 page 325 Part 60
- Al Nasaa al Kaafiya, page 120
- Tareekh Ibn Khaldun, Volume 1 page 179
- Sharh Aqaid Nasfee, page 113 Dhikr Yazeed
- Tareekh Kamil, Volume 3 pages, 152, 153 and 156 and 450 events of 52 Hijri
- Al Imama wa al Siayasa, page 165
- Iqd al Fareed, Voume 2 page 258 Dhikr Yazeed
- Tareekh Abu al Fida, Volume 1 page 186 Dkihr al Khabar Mu’awiya
- Al Akbar al Tawaal, page 268 Dhikr Yazeed
- Tareekh Tabari, Volume 7 page 146
- Rasail, page 129 by Abu Bakr Jauzi
- Maqatil Husayn, page 172 Ch 9
- Tadkhira Khawwas, page 164
- Shadraat al-Dhahab, Volume 1 page 69 events of 61 Hijri
- Tareekh al Khulafa, page 204 Dhikr Mu’awiya
- Al Khabar al Awal, page 61 Dhikr Hukumith Ibn Ziyad
- Tareekh Khamees, oage 300 Dhikr Yazeed
- Hayaat al Haywaan, Volume 2 page 196
- Tareekh Islam, Volume 2 page 356 events of 63 Hijri
- Ahsan aur Meezan, Volume 5 page 284
- Tafseer Mazhari, Volume 5 page 61 Surah Ibraheem part 13
- Muruj al Dhahab, Volume 3 page 78 Dhikr Yazeed
- Tauhfa Ithna Ashari, page 6 Chapter 1
- Mutalib al Seul, Volume 2 page 26 Dhikr Husayn
- Nur al Absar, page 139 Dhikr Husayn
- Sharh Maqassid, Volume 2 page 309 Part 6
- Al Tabaqat al Kabir, Volume 5 page 96
- Mustadrak al Hakim, Volume 3 page 522
- Tareekh Ibn Asakir, page 275
- Meezan al Itidal, Volume 4 page 440
- Wafa al Wafa, Volume 1 page 127
- Tabthaseer wa al Sharaf, page 265 Dhikr Yazeed
- Mujma al Buldan, Volume 2 page 253 Dkikr Harra
- Fatah ul Bari, Volume 13 page 70 Dhikr Yazeed
- Irshad al Sari, Volume 10 pages 171 and 199 Bab ul Fitan
- Sirush Shahadatayn, page 26 Dhikr Shahadat Imam Hasan
- Minhaj al Sunnah, page 239 Dhikr Yazeed
- Takmeel al Iman, page 178
- Shaheed Karbala, pages 11-12 by Mufti Muhammad Shaafi
- Sharh Muwatta Imam Malik, Volume 5 page 435 by Shaykh Muhammad Zakaria
- Tareekh Milat, page 55 Part 3 by Qadhi Zaynul Abideen
- Tarrekh Islam, Volume 2 page 56 by Akbar Najeeb Abadhi
- Bahar Shariat, Volume 1 page 76
- Hidayaat al Shi’a, Volume 1 page 95 by Allamah Rasheed Ahmad Gangohi
- Isthaklah ai Yazeed, page 312 by Maulanan Lal Shah Bukhari
- Fitna Kharijee, Volume 1 page 267 by Qadhi Madhar Husayn
- Muktubaat Shaykh ul Islam, Volume 1 page 267 by Maulana Husayn Hamdani
- Sharh Shifa, Volume 1 page 694 by Mulla ‘Ali Qari al Hanafi
- Siraj Muneer Sharh Jama Sagheer, Volume 3 page 382
- Hujutul Balagha, page 507
- Qasim al Ulum, page 221
- Nabraas ala Sharh Aqaid, page 553
- Asaaf al Raghbayn, page 210
- Yazeed bin Mu’awiya, page 30 by Ibn Taymeeya
- Maktubaat, page 203 by Qadhi Thanaullah Panee Patee
- Al Shabeeya, page 60 by Barelvi
- Al Mafooz, page 114 Barelvi
- Ahsaan alwa, page 52 by Barelvi
- Ahkam Shariat, Volume 2 page 88 Barelvi
- Fatawi, Volume 5 page 51 by AA Thanvi
- Fatawa Rasheediya, Volume 1 page 7
- Skahyk ul Islam by Muhammad Qaim Nantovi Volume 1 page 258
- Imam Pak aur Yazeed paleed, by M Shaafi page 33
- Tabat Ibn Sa’d, page 283 Dhikr Ma’aqil bin Sanan
- Mirqaat Sharh Mishkaat, Volume 1 page 120
- Umdah tul Qari, Volume 11 page 334
- Fatawa Azeezi, Volume 1 page 21
- Izalat al Ghaneen, Volume 1 page 368 by Maulana Haydher ‘Ali
- Muttalib al Saul, page 26
- Nur al Absar page 139
- Neel al Auwtar Volume 7 page 181 Dhikr Jihad
- Tahdheeb by Abu Shakur Shaami page 15
- Al Samra, page 317 by ibn Shareef Shaami
- Mujmua al Zadhaar, page 241
- Khilafat Mu’awiya, aur Yazeed page 378 Dhikr Yazeed
- Muruj al Nubuwat, Volume 1 page 126
- Ahkam al Quran, Volume 3 page 119
- Tareekh Ibn Asakir, Volume 5 page 107
- Tafseer Ruh al Ma’ani, page 72 Surah Muhammad
The Nasibi author’s insistence that Yazeed was not a drunkard
Before we unveil the evil character of Yazeed, let us first cite the daring claim of Nasibi author:
It is also a lie that Yazeed was an alcohol drinking person.
The author has then used the alleged comments of Muhammad bin al-Hanafiyah to prove that Yazeed was a pious person. We will discuss the alleged tradition separately in another chapter. Let us begin the actual ‘appraisal’ of Yazeed we find in Sunni books:
Ibn Kathir’s comments on Yazeed
Interesting the very same text al Bidaya from where Abu Sulaiman had sought to extol the virtues of his Imam Yazeed, also contains comments of Ibn Kathir proving that he was indeed a drunkard. Ibn Kathir is the Wahabi’s biggest historian and a student of Ibn Taymiyya himself. As far as Wahabis are concerned, his words are written in gold. Yet Ibn Kathir himself writes in ‘al Bidayah’ Volume 8 page 1169 “Dhikr Yazeed bin Muawiya”:
“Traditions inform us that Yazeed loved worldly vices, would drink, listen to music, kept the company of boys with no facial hair [civil expression for paedophilia with boys, a form of homosexuality], played drums, kept dogs [civil expression for bestiality], making frogs, bears and monkeys fight. Every morning he would be intoxicated and would bind monkeys to a horse saddle and make the horse run”.
Moreover we read:
قلت: يزيد بن معاوية أكثر ما نقم عليه في عمله شرب الخمر، وإتيان بعض الفواحش
I say: The worst of offences amongst the bad deeds of Yazeed ibn Mauwiya are drinking alcohol and engaging in some immoral acts’.
Munzar bin Zubayr’s comments on Yazeed
Imam Ibn Atheer Jazri records the following testimony of Munzar bin Zubayr in ‘Tareekh al Kamil’ Volume 3 page 450:
إنه أجازني بمائة ألف ولا يمنعني ما صنع بي أن أخبركم خبره وأصدقكم عنه والله إنه ليشرب الخمر والله إنه ليسكر حتى يدع الصلاة
‘He rewarded me with one hundred thousand, but this deed will not prevent me from telling you honestly about his status, by Allah he drinks alcohol, by Allah he is drunkard and even abandons prayer’
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